Install PKCS#11 drivers, Linux

I need the PKCS#11 USB token at work, and every time I spin a new Linux VM, I need to install it again. But I never remember what needs to be done. So I’m documenting the steps here.

First, download the latest driver at GlobalSign, unzip and install it. The installation will probably fail because of missing dependencies; the second command will install them followed by the original package:

sudo dpkg -i foo.deb
sudo apt-get -f install

Once you reboot, the SafeNet icon will appear in the tray.

To install support for Brave browser, see here.

Install PKCS#11 in Brave, Linux

As Chrome’s adoption of Manifest V3 approaches, I’ve been trying Brave more and more, even in my Android. Using it for work had me in trouble though, since unlike Firefox, it has no native support to PKCS#11 USB tokens.

After trying a few things, I gave up. But a few minutes ago I stumbled upon a website which I’ve seen before, probably when setting up Chrome, and to my surprise it worked for my Linux Mint. He uses the same SafeNet eToken 5110 I’ve got here.

modutil -dbdir sql:.pki/nssdb/ -add "eToken" -libfile /usr/lib/libeTPkcs11.so

I don’t know if it matters, but I ran the command above before installing Brave itself.

Linux recursive file searching

Searching recursively all files with the given extension:

find . -name "*.orig"

Searching all files containing the given text (source):

grep -Rn . -e "palavra"

Huge life saver.

Increase taskbar button width in Linux Mint 21

For my working VM, after ditching the sluggish Ubuntu 22 for the crazy good Mint Cinnamon 21, one of the customizations I wanted to make was the maximum width of the taskbar buttons. They seemed to narrow, while a lot of room was available.

After a couple minutes of searching, I found a direction in the Mint forums. The proposed solution is for Mint 20 – for Mint 21, it has a minor difference.

Edit, as root, the following file:

/usr/share/cinnamon/applets/grouped-window-list@cinnamon.org/constants.js

The value we’re after is MAX_BUTTON_WIDTH, which I increased from 150 to 210.

What caught my attention, though, is how all the layout building stuff is JavaScript.

Installing dependencies of deb packages

A deb package can be installed on Linux by running:

sudo dpkg -i Package.deb

However, the installation may fail because dependencies are missing. In such cases, I found a tip which appears to work very well. After the failed dpkg command, run:

sudo apt-get -f install

This a shorthand for --fix-broken, and installs the dependencies and completes the aborted dpkg installation. Like magic.

Displaying current Git branch in Bash prompt

I decided to show the current Git branch at my bash prompt whenever I’m at a directory which contains a repository. I found a rather convoluted Bash-esque solution, which I adapted to myself:

gitbranch() {
    git branch 2> /dev/null | sed -e '/^[^*]/d' -e 's/* \(.*\)/ \1/'
}
#export PS1="\u@\h \[\e[32m\]\w \[\e[91m\]\$(gitbranch)\[\e[00m\]$ "
export PS1="\[\e]0;\u@\h: \w\a\]${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\[\e[33m\]\$(gitbranch)\[\e[00m\]\$ "

It’s compact and it works as intended.

Cleaning up a Git repository

Sometimes, after you mess up too much with your Git repository, it ends up with a couple useless objects, which are no longer referenced anywhere.

I created this alias a while ago, collected from sources I don’t remember anymore, to perform a cleanup in the repository. It’s particularly useful right after a git fetch:

alias gitcleanrepo='git fetch origin --prune && git -c gc.reflogExpire=0 -c gc.reflogExpireUnreachable=0 -c gc.rerereresolved=0 -c gc.rerereunresolved=0 -c gc.pruneExpire=now gc "$@"'

Install PKCS#11 token on Ubuntu 18.04

Firefox offers an graphical interface to add the PKCS#11 library to the browser, so you can use PKCS#11 token to authenticate in websites. Chrome doesn’t offer a GUI, so it must be done purely using command line in Ubuntu Linux.

After a few failed attempts, I finally found a recipe on how to properly do it. Although it’s aimed at Ubuntu 16, it works perfectly for Ubuntu 18.04:

• MoebiusSolutions/cac-agent

An actual GUI on Chrome, just like Firefox has, would be great though.

Firefox: can’t see menu separators in Linux

In Linux, I was having a problem when using Firefox. After some version update, the menu separator lines simply disappear. After searching around after a solution to this very annoying problem, I found another userChrome.css customization:

/* Make separators in menus easier to see */
menuseparator {
  -moz-appearance: none !important; /* nothing changes without this */
  background: #d4d2d1 !important;
  height: 1px !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  margin: 3px 5px !important;
}

Make sure it’s loading is enabled. After restarting Firefox, the menu separators were back in all their glory.

Override Chrome policy in Linux

If you happen to have Google Chrome settings managed by your network administration, on Linux, the fixed settings are stored into JSON files in the folder:

/etc/opt/chrome/policies/

If you have write permissions, you can change the settings you want. You don’t even need to restart Chrome to the changes start working. This has been tested in Chrome 77.

Git amend updating date and time

When commiting code on Git, very often I realize I forgot some little detail right after I end the commit operation. This is very annoying. Fortunately, we have the amend command. Recently I found a very cool trick to use with amend command: updating the date and time of the commit together with amend.

So, with those in hand, I’m now using a nice alias on my ~/.bashrc file:

alias gitamend='git commit --amend --date="$(date -R)"'

And my own memory faults are now easily addressed.

Visual Studio Code slow startup on Linux

Recently I’ve been having a problem with Visual Studio Code, current version 1.5.2, on Linux. The program startup was too slow. I mean, the absurd of waiting over 40 minutes from the doubleclick until I see the window!

I discovered that there are two executables within the VSCode package: one at the root directory, and other inside “bin” subdir. The outer seems to be a wrapper to the inner, since I made a test and ran the inner executable alone... and bang, VSCode started in about 3 seconds – not an example of quick startup, but acceptable.

So I redirected my shortcut to point directly to the executable inside “bin” subdirectory. Whatever the outer executable does, it’s clearly buggy.

Fixing .htaccess in Apache with Ubuntu 12

I have an ordinary Apache installation on an Ubuntu 12 OS, where the root webserver directory is ordinarily pointing to /var/www. I have many subdirectories within it, and I’d like to have one of these subdirectories using clean URLs, specifically becaused I was testing some RESTful API stuff. However, I’ve struggled a bit to make Apache recognize my .htaccess file.

So, after some minor stress, here it is the quick step-by-step guide of what I did, without further explanations:

sudo vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/default

Within the Directory /var/www directive, change AllowOverride None by AllowOverride All. Then run these two commands:

sudo a2enmod rewrite
sudo service apache2 restart

And all of sudden it started working.